FAQs

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. These cells can invade and destroy normal tissue.

Cancer is caused by mutations in the DNA of cells, which can be inherited or acquired over time due to various factors such as exposure to carcinogens (e.g., tobacco smoke, UV radiation), genetic factors, and lifestyle choices (e.g., diet, physical activity).

Common types of cancer include breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and skin cancer (melanoma).

Symptoms vary depending on the type and location of cancer, but common signs include persistent cough or hoarseness, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unusual bleeding or discharge, lumps, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, and unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (e.g., X-rays, CT scans), laboratory tests (e.g., blood tests, biopsy), and sometimes genetic testing.

Cancer staging describes the extent and spread of cancer from its original site. Staging helps determine treatment options and prognosis (outcome). Stages range from 0 (in situ cancer) to IV (advanced cancer).

Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and/or palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

While not all cancers can be prevented, certain lifestyle choices can reduce the risk, such as avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, being physically active, protecting against infections (e.g., HPV, hepatitis), and limiting exposure to known carcinogens.